dandison



(No Model.) 4 sheets-'sheet 1. W. DANDISON. INJBGTOR FOR LIQUID FUEL, am.

No. 541,074. Pggnnggunels, 1895.

MMM c l(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. DANDISON... INJEGTOB. FOB. LIQUID FUEL, zc.v l

10.541,074. Patented June 18.1895.

INJEGTOR FOR LIQUID FUEL, &c..

No. 541,074 Patented June 18, 1895.

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(No Model.)

Patented June 18 have obtained a patent in Nrrnn STATES PATENT GFFICE.

WILLIAM DANDISON, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO AMY STEERS, OF

- SAME PLACE.

INJECTOR .FOR'LIQUID FUEL., 80G.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 541,074, dated.` J' une 18, 1895. Application filed November 16, 1893. Serial No. 491,104. (N o model.) Patented in England August 29. 1893, No. 16,278.

To all whom t may concern.-

Beit known that I, WILLIAM DANDIsoN, consulting engineer, a subject of the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at'No. 5 W'est Street, Finsbury Oircus, in the city of London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Injectors for Liquid Fuel, dac., (for which I Great Britain, No. 113,278, dated August 29, 1893;) and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, which are to be taken as a part of this specification .and read therewith, and one which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in liquid fuel injectors or burners of that class in which the liquid fuel as Well as the steam and air, are forced or injected through the injector or burner nozzle, into thecombustion chamber.

The majority, if not all, of the liquid fuel injectors or burners of the class above mentioned, have one characteristic which seriously interferes with their economy in use, and that is this-they drip, ne., they let liquid fuel drip unconsumed from their respective nozzles. This dripping is the result of imperfect combustion and such imperfect combustion is the result of imperfect commingling within the body of the injector, of the liquid fuel and the air for its combustion.

rlhe object of the present inventionis to prevent the drip above mentioned and such prevention is accomplished by providing for perfect combustion ofthe liquid fuel and air.

The invention consists more particularly of a novel combination of the ports through which the steam, the liquid fuel, and the air for the combustion of the latter are, respectively, forced or injected.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a side elevation. Fig. 2is a transverse sectional elevation on the line 2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is an inverted plan of Fig. 2. Fig. 4t is a plan of the injecting-jet.. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of a modification. Fig. 6 is a detail sectional elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the central portion of the conlof its length.

vinto the flange d for a short distance.

struction illustrated in Figs. l to 3. It is taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. 7. Fig. 7 is a plan of Fig. 6.

Referring to Figs. l to 4the hollow casing or injector-body consists of two portions a. and b which have formed in them al1 the ports which are necessary to the presenty invention.

The portion a is a flanged tube, c being the tube andd its fiange. The tube projects centrally from one side of the ange at right angles with it, the bore of the tube beingcontinued through the flange to the opposite side of it where it is provided with a trumpet shaped mouth. `Thebore of the tube, excepting the mouth, is parallel and provides the axial port of the injector. the tube is tapered for a reason which will appear in its place.

e is an annular port formed in the substance of the tube c parallel with its axis and extended in the same direction into the flange d for about half the distance through the latter. The mouth of the annular port e is closed by a ring f which is perforated with a series of equidistant holes f the bores of which are aligned with the port e. The latter tapers outward from its mouth for more than half its length, therebyincreasing in section al area as it approaches itssupply port and also rendering desirable a corresponding degree'of taper in the concentric surrounding organs of the injector. The holes f deliver in the same plane as the tube c. In other words they are iiush with each other. The position of this perforated filling ringfin the mouth of the annular port e is clearly illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7.

gis a pipe making tight connection with the flange d. This connection is shown as at The outer face of a the edge of the flange and in a direction parallel with the faces of the latter, but it may be varied as may be required. The bore of the pipe g, is considerable compared with the volume of fluid which it is intended to convey, but its diameter is rendered necessary by the presence of an internal pipe described farther on, which it surrounds for the whole The bore of the pipe g is, because of the position of the latter, prolopged is a ICO

port from such prolongation running in a direction approximately parallel with the axis of the tube c. The internal pipe above referred to, fi, is continued concentrically through the prolongation of the bore of the pipe g, its bore being, in its turn, led on through the flange in the direction of the con centric port e and made to communicate with it by a port e. This port is provided with a controlling valve e2 which can be adjusted from the outside without interfering with any other adjustable organ of the invention. The one illustrated is a Wheel valve but the invention does not limit me in respect of the type of valve, but only in respect of its adjustability from the outside independently of any other adjustment required by the invention.

It is to be noted that the fiauge d is enlarged where necessary to make room for the ports and valve specified.

j is a ring on the inner face of the flange d. The function of it is described farther on.

The portion l) is tubular in plan, but, un like the tube c already described, it is of varying diameter internally. One end of it is provided with a iiange b2, of the same diame ter as the ila-ngo d, while the other is eontracted to fit, and to correspond with in respect of diameter, the inner end of the nozzie, as explained at length fartherton. The object of the flange is to provide for the two portions a and b being held together by nuts and bolts in the manner illustrated. The flanged end of the portion b tits snugly over the ringj.

For thepurpose of providing room within the portion b for all the internal organs of the injector, two extensions are formed upon it. Through one of these, the port 71, already described as starting in the iiange d from the prolongation therein of the bore of the pipe g, is continued in a direction more or less parallel with the axis of the tube c. Near the top of the said extension it is turned abruptly toward the said tube around which it becomes annular, and is then led forward toward the nozzle b3 of theportion b. The terminal portion or front end of the annular portion of the port 7L converges toward the axis of the injector and stands in front of the series of holes f for the double purpose of directing the Huid which flows along it into the injector nozzle, toward the said axis and in front of the jets of fluid issuing from the said holes. The oblique side 7L of this terminal portion of the port 7L also serves as a seating for a regulating tube described farther on. Further, the said port is provided at the junction of the straight and annular portions of it With a controlling,r valve h2 which can be adjusted from the outside of the injector independently of any other adjustable organ of it. Subject to this, the type of valve as well as its position, may be varied.

7e is the regulating tube already referred to. Itis circular in cross section and tapers in elevation from a diameter atits rear equal to that of the internal diameter of the ring j to one at its front end corresponding with the seating 71 above described. Further, it is concentric with the axis of the injector. Its function is to regulate the sectional area. of the annular portion of the port 7L at any point between closure and full open inclusive. The necessary to and fro motion of the tube 7c is derived from the engagement of a male screvtr thread 7a2 fast upon it with a female one 7c3 on the inner face of the ringj. I do not confine myself to the relative positions of these two threads for it is evident that as far as their functions are concerned, their respective p07 sitions might be reversed, the female thread being on the inside of the duly enlarged end of the tube c, and the male thread on the duly reduced outside of the ringj.

The circular motion of the tube in either direction necessary to impart the desired to and fro motion above mentioned is imparted to it by means of a worm 7a4 engaging in a worm Wheel 755 which is fast upon the outside of the rin. Both screw threads 7a2, 7c3 and worm wheel 70 are in planes at right angles with the axis of the tube 7c. The worm 7a4 Works within the second of the above men-I tioned extensions of the portion l) where it is held fast to the end of an axis 7c which passing out through a stuiing box is provided with an external hand Wheel, or its equivalent, by ineans of which the position of the regulating tube can be adjusted from the outside of the injector t independently of any other adjustable organ thereof. A suitable internal cavity 7c7 is provided for the worm Wheel 7.55. The cavity 7J is shut olif from the annular port. 7L and a suitable guide for the to and fro motion of the tube 7c provided by means of a ring l fast upon the outside of the tube and a second, Z,opposite to it fast upon the inside of the portion b of the injectorbody. The latter ring is drawn deeper than its fellow because the ring Z must pass over the ring l without opening communication between the said port 7L and cavity k7. For this purpose, the respective external surface carried by the tube 7a and the internal one provided by the injector-body are packed together after the manner of a pistony to its cylinder.

The nozzle of the injector is of special contour. lts inner end m is circular in cross section and tits to the nozzle b3 of the portion b making a continuous bore therewith. The bore of the nozzle is circular in cross section and of an unvarying diameter for nearly half its length when it begins to assume an oval contour until its mouth m' is, in plan, a flattened oval and, in elevation, an arc having its radius near the middle of the injector. rThe device by which the injector nozzle is connected to the portion b of the injector-body consists of a female thread in the rear end of the nozzle engaging with a male thread on the nozzle b3 of the said portion, but this may be varied.

When the injector constructed as above described is to be used to inject liquid fuels it is connected and works as follows: Steam is supplied to the pipe 7l and the liquid fuel to the pipe g. The fuel therefore jackets the steam and is heated by it. As soon as the valves c2 and h2 are opened, the rush of the steam through the holes f induces the-fuel through the port h and the air through the port c into the circular portion of the injector nozzle, where both air and fuel are thoroughly comminuting and mixed up with each other ready for combustion, and from which they are injected into the furnace through the oval mouth m. The quantity of fuel as well as the rate at which it is induced into the nozzle is regulated by adjusting the portion of the regulating tube 7c with reference to its seat h.

Under certain circumstances it is inconvenient to have the mechanism for adjusting the position of the tube l.; worked from the side of the injector after the manner illustrated in Figs. l, 2 and 3. To meet the requirements of such circumstances,l construct the injector as shown in Fig. 5. One practical advantage of the construction illustrated therein is that the hand wheel of the mechanism for adjusting the position of the regulating tube is at an increased distance from the fire, and will therefore keep cooler than when -it stands in the position illustrated in Figs. 1,

2,' and 3.

Referring to Fig. 5, c is the central tube. It is parallel throughout. It may be parallel throughout as shown, or have a trumpet shaped mouth as illustrated in Figs. l and 2.

It corresponds with the tube c of Figs. l to 3 as far as providing the axial port of the injector. The outer shell of the annular port e for the passage of the injecting uid is provided by the regulating tube lo. This is made fast by its rear end to an annulus c2 fast on the tube c. The screw threads k2, 7c3 are cut, the former upon the periphery of the annulus c2 and the latter in the socketj' of a liange d. The socketj and ange d correspond so far to the ringj and iiange cl respectively of Figs. l to 3. The external hand wheel for adjusting the position of the regulating tube is fixed upon the outer end of the tube c which is prolonged outward through a stuffing box in the socketj for that purpose.

The injector-body h', the tube c and the regulating tube k are made longer than illustrated in the previous construction. The tube c is prolonged through the ange d to receive the handwheel of the regulating tube. The pipes g and are led into the injectorbody through a suitable enlargement of the latter near its iiange b2 instead of through the flange d. The piped is continued through the port h and an internal enlargement of the injector-body into a chamber 799 with which the annular port e communicates by ports e3 i and as it is provided with a suitable stuffing box it dischargesthe functions of the two rings Z, Z of the said previous construction.

I am well aware of the numerous inventions of liquid fuel injectors or burners which have been made public, all of them more or less similar to each other and some of them apparently similar to my present invention; but according to my invention, the oil port is external to both the steam and the air ports, and the delivery end of it bent or inclined toward the axis of the nozzle so that the liquid fuel is delivered into the latter in the shape of a cone. It is well known that when liquid fuel is delivered from an annular port, it breaks up into fine spray at once; that steam delivered from an annular port does not break up into spray at once but keeps together much longer than does oil and that air delivered from a circular port into a nozzle, expands equally in all directions from the axis of the nozzle. Now I do not want the steam to remain unbroken or unsprayed. If it did so under the circumstances of its int-ermediate position between an expanding jet of air and a cone of sprayed'liquid fuel, it would be mischievous instead of useful, because it is not sprayed. For that reason, I stop the end of the steam port with a perforated ring, and'theperforations of the ring cause the steam to bedeliveredin independent jets. These jets break up into spray as they issue from Vtheir respective holes, and the steam spray being injected directly into the sprayed and commingled air and liquid fuel mixes them together thoroughly so that all the fuel injected from the fuel port, leaves the nozzle sprayed and intimately associated with its complement of air.

I claim- The combination of injector body; an internal regulating tube concentric therewith and of an external diameter sufficiently smaller than the internal diameter of the said body to form an annular port between them, the said port adapted to deliver the vaporized combustible in a hollow cone into the nozzle of the injector; an annular contraction on the inner surface of the said body opposite the end of the internal regulating tube above mentioned; mechanism for adjusting the distance between the end of the regulating tube and the internal contraction; a central tube adapted to deliver air, concentric with the body and regulating tube and of a sufciently smaller diameter than the latter to form an annular port between them adapted to deliver steam into the hollow cone above mentioned, and a perforated ring filling the end of the steam port.

In witness whereof I have hereunto affixed l my signature, in presence of two witnesses,

this 19th day of October, 1893.

WILLIAM DANDISON.

Witnesses:

HENRY H. LEIGH, THOMAS LAKE.

IIO 

